If you’re traveling to Kiruna, Sweden, exploring Sami culture is a must. The Sami people are the indigenous population of Lapland, with a rich heritage that spans centuries. Visiting Kiruna isn’t just about witnessing the stunning northern lights or experiencing dog sledding; it’s also a chance to connect with the unique traditions and lifestyle of the Sami.
Here’s a guide to understanding Sami culture in Kiruna and how you can experience it firsthand during your trip.
1. Who Are the Sami People?
The Sami are one of the oldest indigenous communities in Europe, with roots in the Arctic region dating back over 5,000 years. Traditionally, the Sami people inhabited areas across Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Russia, a region known as Sápmi. The Sami have a deep respect for nature, and their way of life is closely connected to the environment. This connection can be seen in their customs, their knowledge of the natural world, and their sustainable practices.
Today, many Sami people still engage in traditional activities such as reindeer herding, which has been a central part of their culture for generations. While the Sami have adapted to modern times, they continue to preserve their customs, language, and way of life, making them a vibrant part of Swedish Lapland.
2. Experience Sami Reindeer Herding in Kiruna
Reindeer herding is at the heart of Sami culture. For centuries, the Sami people have relied on reindeer for transportation, food, clothing, and trade. The herds roam freely through the Arctic landscapes, and reindeer herding follows a seasonal pattern, respecting the natural migration of the animals.
When visiting Kiruna, you’ll have the opportunity to learn about this unique relationship by visiting a Sami reindeer farm. Many farms welcome guests to see and even feed the reindeer, while Sami guides explain how herding is done. Some tours also allow you to ride in a reindeer sled, a traditional form of transportation that gives you a taste of Sami life in the snowy wilderness.
3. Sami Handicrafts (Duodji)
One of the most beautiful aspects of Sami culture is their craftsmanship, known as duodji. Sami artisans use natural materials like reindeer hide, bone, and antlers to create unique items such as clothing, tools, jewelry, and even musical instruments. Each piece is handmade and often decorated with traditional patterns, reflecting centuries of Sami heritage and skill.
In Kiruna, you’ll find shops and markets that offer authentic Sami handicrafts. Buying a handmade item not only provides a special memento but also supports local Sami artisans. Popular items include woven belts, beaded jewelry, and the traditional kolt, a Sami tunic that is beautifully decorated with colors representing the family or region of the wearer.
4. The Sami Language and Joik Singing
The Sami language, with several dialects, is another important part of their identity. In Kiruna, you may hear people speaking Northern Sami, one of the most widely spoken dialects in Sweden. Sami language preservation is crucial to keeping their culture alive, as it carries the stories, traditions, and knowledge passed down through generations.
One of the oldest forms of Sami cultural expression is joik, a traditional style of singing. Unlike Western music, joik is often used to express emotions or describe a person, animal, or place rather than tell a story. A joik has a haunting, soulful sound that reflects the natural world. If you’re lucky, you may get to hear a live joik performance in Kiruna, an experience that many describe as deeply moving and spiritual.
5. Learning Sami Traditions and Stories
The Sami are known for their deep respect for the land, animals, and the elements. Many Sami guides in Kiruna love to share these beliefs and traditions with visitors, giving you a glimpse into their ancient wisdom. For example, the Sami view reindeer as more than just animals; they see them as partners in survival and part of their family.
Sami folklore is also filled with fascinating stories about spirits, nature, and the northern lights. During a visit to a Sami camp, you might sit around a fire and listen to tales about the mythical creatures that protect the land or about Áhkká, the goddess believed to reside in the high mountains. These stories reflect the Sami’s bond with nature and provide insight into how they interpret the world around them.
6. Visit a Sami Camp or Cultural Center
To experience Sami culture in an authentic way, consider visiting a Sami camp or cultural center. These camps are often run by Sami families who warmly welcome visitors and provide guided experiences that include learning about Sami history, tasting traditional Sami food, and participating in daily activities.
Some camps in Kiruna offer interactive programs where you can try making traditional Sami dishes like souvas, a smoked reindeer meat dish, or drink hot lingonberry juice by the fire. Many cultural centers also have exhibitions that display Sami clothing, artifacts, and historical photos, helping visitors understand how Sami culture has evolved over the years.
7. When to Visit for Sami Festivals
If you want to fully immerse yourself in Sami culture, plan your trip around one of the Sami festivals. In February, Kiruna hosts the Sami National Day celebration, a time of joy, pride, and cultural events. Sami National Day on February 6th commemorates the first Sami Congress in 1917, marking a significant moment in their history.
During the celebrations, you can witness traditional dances, music performances, and even reindeer racing. It’s an exciting time to visit as you’ll get to see Sami culture in action and meet people from various parts of Sápmi. Additionally, local markets often have a wide range of Sami crafts, food, and artwork for sale.
Plan Your Visit to Discover Sami Culture in Kiruna
Kiruna offers a rare chance to experience Sami culture in an authentic, respectful, and immersive way. From reindeer herding and traditional joik singing to tasting Sami food and buying local handicrafts, there are endless ways to connect with the rich Sami heritage. When you visit Kiruna, you’re not just traveling to a beautiful place; you’re learning about the resilient, resourceful, and proud people who call it home. By joining a Sami-guided tour or visiting a Sami camp, you’re helping to support and preserve this vibrant culture for future generations.
So, whether you’re an adventure seeker, a culture enthusiast, or simply curious, the Sami culture in Kiruna will add depth and meaning to your Arctic journey.